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There is a dual inducer of both
2022-06-09
There is a dual inducer of both galanin and super-threshold pain. First, injury-induced pain may stimulate galanin secretion. After peripheral nerve injury, the galanin expression level was upregulated in dorsal root ganglion (DRG), dorsal horn and hypothalamic arcuate of rats [25], [28], [33]. The
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A mutation in stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase gene
2022-06-09
A mutation in stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase 1 gene was reported to reduce sebum production and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) synthesis in mice, which was accompanied with impaired clearance of gram-positive bacteria-induced skin infection (Georgel et al., 2005). Interestingly, gram-positive ba
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GNF 2 br Acknowledgments br Introduction Prenyltransferase c
2022-06-09
Acknowledgments Introduction Prenyltransferase catalyzes the head-to-tail condensation between isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP, 1) and an allylic prenyl diphosphate to produce several prenyl diphosphates, which are then converted into steroids, carotenoids, prenyl side-chains of quinones, and pre
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Introduction Vesicular exocytosis an intracellular membrane
2022-06-09
Introduction Vesicular exocytosis, an intracellular membrane trafficking pathway, is a ubiquitous process for intercellular communication. It occurs when an intracellular vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and subsequently releases an infinitely minute number of chemical or biochemical messengers
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There are many histone H K demethylases including JMJD
2022-06-08
There are many histone H3K9 demethylases, including JMJD1 A, JMJD2 A, JMJD2B, and JMJD2C (Kooistra and Helin, 2012). Considering that EPO Motolimod is regulated by hypoxia, we further analyzed several hypoxia-induced H3K9 demethylases, such as JMJD1 A, JMJD2B and JMJD2C (Beyer et al., 2018; Pollard
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The following are the supplementary data
2022-06-08
The following are the supplementary data related to this article. Introduction Target therapies have achieved significant gains in the fight against cancer, however, they are still a long way from providing generally curative treatments for the majority of cancers. Targeted agents can be used wi
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HDAC enzymes oppose the effects of HATs by reversing lysine
2022-06-08
HDAC enzymes oppose the effects of HATs by reversing lysine acetylation, an action that restores the positive charge of the lysine thus stabilizing the local chromatin structure. By removing acetyl groups from ε-amino lysines of proteins, HDACs not only alter transcription, but also promote either t
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Human immunodeficiency virus type HIV is responsible for the
2022-06-08
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is responsible for the much pandemic; notification is compulsory in Brazilian blood banks since 1988. From 1980 to 2016, the Brazilian MH reported 882,810 HIV/AIDS cases, with 52.3% in the southeast region. HIV/HCV co-infection has been associated with p
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Various inhibitors have been developed
2022-06-08
Various inhibitors have been developed to target molecules present in these pathways. They include both man-made monoclonal BIX 01294 as well as small molecule membrane permeable inhibitors that often target kinases or phosphatases [5], [338], [348], [364]. In summary, these pathways are frequently
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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion
2022-06-08
Materials and methods Results Discussion In this study, we demonstrated that zaprinast (a cGMP-PDE inhibitor) induced the intracellular calcium mobilization in the STF-62247 synthesis coexpressing GPR35 and Gqi5, Gqo5, or Gα16. Induction of intracellular calcium mobilization by zaprinast
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GlyRs are members of the superfamily
2022-06-08
GlyRs are members of the superfamily of Cys-loop receptors (CLRs) [3]. They form postsynaptic pentameric receptor complexes of α1 and β subunits anchored via the scaffolding protein gephyrin [4]. GlyRs are composed of several domains with the large N-terminal extracellular domain (ECD) important for
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Previous studies have shown that zinc interacts
2022-06-08
Previous studies have shown that zinc interacts with other allosteric modulators at the glycine receptor (Kirson et al., 2013, McCracken et al., 2010, McCracken et al., 2013). Of note, the chelation of zinc via tricine decreases the effects of alcohol at α1-, α2-, and α3-containing glycine receptors
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Studies dealing with the effects of ischemia
2022-06-08
Studies dealing with the effects of ischemia on EAATs have been previously reported, but some discrepancies in literature appear between them probably as a consequence of the different models, species, time of reperfusion after ischemia and age of the animals. Thus, in human, Sitafloxacin stroke-de
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Ning et al showed that
2022-06-08
Ning et al. showed that LPC 18:1 appeared to increase insulin release through both GPR119-dependent and -independent mechanisms (Ning et al., 2008). In our study, we have shown that not only GPR119 but also GPR40 and GPR55 participate in LPC-stimulated insulin secretion (Fig. 4, Fig. 5) and target p
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br WM astrocytes Grey matter astrocytes express a variety
2022-06-08
WM astrocytes Grey matter astrocytes express a variety of GluR types that have both physiological and pathophysiological significance [87]. Non-NMDA GluR are also expressed in WM astrocytes [40], although the functionality of these receptors has not been tested. The fibrous astrocytes that popula
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